Gpt classifier - Product Transforming work and creativity with AI Our API platform offers our latest models and guides for safety best practices. Models GPT GPT-4 is OpenAI’s most advanced system, producing safer and more useful responses. Learn about GPT-4 Advanced reasoning Creativity Visual input Longer context

 
GPT-3 is an autoregressive language model, created by OpenAI, that uses machine l. LinkedIn. ... GPT 3 text classifier. To have access to GPT3 you need to create an account in Opena.ai. The first .... Ebony videos xvideos.com

Like the AI Text Classifier or the GPT-2 Output Detector, GPTZero is designed to differentiate human and AI text. However, while the former two tools give you a simple prediction, this one is more ...Feb 25, 2023 · OpenAI has created an AI Text Classifier to counter its own GPT model.Though far from being completely accurate, this Classifier can still identify AI text. Unlike other tools, OpenAI’s Classifier doesn’t provide a score or highlight AI-generated sentences. Educator FAQ. Like the internet, ChatGPT is a powerful tool that can help educators and students if used thoughtfully. There are many ways to get there, and the education community is where the best answers will come from. To support educators on this journey, we are providing a few resources below, including links to introductory materials ...We find the implementation of the few-shot classification methods in OpenAI where GPT-3 is a well-known few-shot classifier. We can also utilise the Flair for zero-shot classification, under the package of Flair we can also utilise various transformers for the NLP procedures like named entity recognition, text tagging, text embedding, etc ...Since custom versions of GPT-3 are tailored to your application, the prompt can be much shorter, reducing costs and improving latency. Whether text generation, summarization, classification, or any other natural language task GPT-3 is capable of performing, customizing GPT-3 will improve performance.Jan 19, 2021 · GPT-3 is a neural network trained by the OpenAI organization with more parameters than earlier generation models. The main difference between GPT-3 and GPT-2, is its size which is 175 billion parameters. It’s the largest language model that was trained on a large dataset. The model responds better to different types of input, such as … Continue reading Intent Classification & Paraphrasing ... Path of transformer model - will load your own model from local disk. In this tutorial I will use gpt2 model. labels_ids - Dictionary of labels and their id - this will be used to convert string labels to numbers. n_labels - How many labels are we using in this dataset. This is used to decide size of classification head.Educator FAQ. Like the internet, ChatGPT is a powerful tool that can help educators and students if used thoughtfully. There are many ways to get there, and the education community is where the best answers will come from. To support educators on this journey, we are providing a few resources below, including links to introductory materials ... Jul 26, 2023 · College professors see AI Classifier’s discontinuation as a sign of a bigger problem: A.I. plagiarism detectors do not work. The logos of OpenAI and ChatGPT. AFP via Getty Images. As of July 20 ... Nov 9, 2020 · Size of word embeddings was increased to 12888 for GPT-3 from 1600 for GPT-2. Context window size was increased from 1024 for GPT-2 to 2048 tokens for GPT-3. Adam optimiser was used with β_1=0.9 ... The OpenAI API is powered by a diverse set of models with different capabilities and price points. You can also make customizations to our models for your specific use case with fine-tuning. Models. Description. GPT-4. A set of models that improve on GPT-3.5 and can understand as well as generate natural language or code. GPT-3.5.Educator FAQ. Like the internet, ChatGPT is a powerful tool that can help educators and students if used thoughtfully. There are many ways to get there, and the education community is where the best answers will come from. To support educators on this journey, we are providing a few resources below, including links to introductory materials ...GPT-3 is a neural network trained by the OpenAI organization with more parameters than earlier generation models. The main difference between GPT-3 and GPT-2, is its size which is 175 billion parameters. It’s the largest language model that was trained on a large dataset. The model responds better to different types of input, such as … Continue reading Intent Classification & Paraphrasing ...The AI Text Classifier is a fine-tuned GPT model that predicts how likely it is that a piece of text was generated by AI from a variety of sources, such as ChatGPT. ... GPT-2 Output Detector Demo ...You need to use GPT2Model class to generate the sentence embeddings of the text. once you have the embeddings feed them to a Linear NN and softmax function to obtain the logits, below is a component for text classification using GPT2 I'm working on (still a work in progress, so I'm open to suggestions), it follows the logic I just described: classification system vs sentiment classification In conclusion, OpenAI has released a groundbreaking tool to detect AI-generated text, using a fine-tuned GPT model that predicts the likelihood of ...In our evaluations on a “challenge set” of English texts, our classifier correctly identifies 26% of AI-written text (true positives) as “likely AI-written,” while incorrectly labeling human-written text as AI-written 9% of the time (false positives). Our classifier’s reliability typically improves as the length of the input text increases.SetFit is outperforming GPT-3 in 7 out of 11 tasks, while being 1600x smaller. In this blog, you will learn how to use SetFit to create a text-classification model with only a 8 labeled samples per class, or 32 samples in total. You will also learn how to improve your model by using hyperparamter tuning. You will learn how to:10 min. The artificial intelligence research lab OpenAI on Tuesday launched the newest version of its language software, GPT-4, an advanced tool for analyzing images and mimicking human speech ...Some of the examples demonstrated here currently work only with our most capable model, gpt-4. If you don't yet have access to gpt-4 consider joining the waitlist. In general, if you find that a GPT model fails at a task and a more capable model is available, it's often worth trying again with the more capable model.College professors see AI Classifier’s discontinuation as a sign of a bigger problem: A.I. plagiarism detectors do not work. The logos of OpenAI and ChatGPT. AFP via Getty Images. As of July 20 ...GPT-4 incorporates an additional safety reward signal during RLHF training to reduce harmful outputs (as defined by our usage guidelines) by training the model to refuse requests for such content. The reward is provided by a GPT-4 zero-shot classifier judging safety boundaries and completion style on safety-related prompts.OpenAI, the company behind DALL-E and ChatGPT, has released a free tool that it says is meant to “distinguish between text written by a human and text written by AIs.”. It warns the classifier ...You need to use GPT2Model class to generate the sentence embeddings of the text. once you have the embeddings feed them to a Linear NN and softmax function to obtain the logits, below is a component for text classification using GPT2 I'm working on (still a work in progress, so I'm open to suggestions), it follows the logic I just described:NLP Cloud's Intent Classification API. NLP Cloud proposes an intent classification API with generative models that gives you the opportunity to perform detection out of the box, with breathtaking results. If the base generative model is not enough, you can also fine-tune/train GPT-J or Dolphin on NLP Cloud and automatically deploy the new model ... Jan 31, 2023 · — ChatGPT. According to OpenAI, the classifier incorrectly labels human-written text as AI-written 9% of the time. This mistake didn’t occur in my testing, but I chalk that up to the small sample... Path of transformer model - will load your own model from local disk. In this tutorial I will use gpt2 model. labels_ids - Dictionary of labels and their id - this will be used to convert string labels to numbers. n_labels - How many labels are we using in this dataset. This is used to decide size of classification head. Jul 1, 2021 Source: https://thehustle.co/07202020-gpt-3/ This is part one of a series on how to get the most out of GPT-3 for text classification tasks ( Part 2, Part 3 ). In this post, we’ll...Jan 19, 2021 · GPT-3 is a neural network trained by the OpenAI organization with more parameters than earlier generation models. The main difference between GPT-3 and GPT-2, is its size which is 175 billion parameters. It’s the largest language model that was trained on a large dataset. The model responds better to different types of input, such as … Continue reading Intent Classification & Paraphrasing ... This is a dataset for binary sentiment classification containing substantially more data than previous benchmark datasets. We provide a set of 25,000 highly polar movie reviews for training, and 25,000 for testing. There is additional unlabeled data for use as well. Raw text and already processed bag of words formats are provided.Mar 29, 2023 · The following results therefore apply to 53 predictions made by both GPT-3.5-turbo and GPT-4. For predicting the category only, for example, “Coordination & Context” when the full category and sub-category is “Coordination & Context : Humanitarian Access” … Results for gpt-3.5-turbo_predicted_category_1, 53 predictions ... Jan 31, 2023 · — ChatGPT. According to OpenAI, the classifier incorrectly labels human-written text as AI-written 9% of the time. This mistake didn’t occur in my testing, but I chalk that up to the small sample... As a top-ranking AI-detection tool, Originality.ai can identify and flag GPT2, GPT3, GPT3.5, and even ChatGPT material. It will be interesting to see how well these two platforms perform in detecting 100% AI-generated content. OpenAI Text Classifier employs a different probability structure from other AI content detection tools. GPT for Sheets and Docs is an AI writer for Google Sheets and Google Docs. It enables you to use ChatGPT directly in Google Sheets and Docs. It is built on top OpenAI ChatGPT and GPT-3 models. You can use it for all sorts of tasks on text: writing, editing, extracting, cleaning, translating, summarizing, outlining, explaining, etc If ChatGPT ...Text classification is a common NLP task that assigns a label or class to text. Some of the largest companies run text classification in production for a wide range of practical applications. One of the most popular forms of text classification is sentiment analysis, which assigns a label like 🙂 positive, 🙁 negative, or 😐 neutral to a ...OpenAI, the company behind DALL-E and ChatGPT, has released a free tool that it says is meant to “distinguish between text written by a human and text written by AIs.”. It warns the classifier ...GPT-2 Output Detector is an online demo of a machine learning model designed to detect the authenticity of text inputs. It is based on the RoBERTa model developed by HuggingFace and OpenAI and is implemented using the 🤗/Transformers library. The demo allows users to enter text into a text box and receive a prediction of the text's authenticity, with probabilities displayed below. The model ...GPT for Sheets and Docs is an AI writer for Google Sheets and Google Docs. It enables you to use ChatGPT directly in Google Sheets and Docs. It is built on top OpenAI ChatGPT and GPT-3 models. You can use it for all sorts of tasks on text: writing, editing, extracting, cleaning, translating, summarizing, outlining, explaining, etc If ChatGPT ...GPT-3 is a neural network trained by the OpenAI organization with more parameters than earlier generation models. The main difference between GPT-3 and GPT-2, is its size which is 175 billion parameters. It’s the largest language model that was trained on a large dataset. The model responds better to different types of input, such as … Continue reading Intent Classification & Paraphrasing ...Path of transformer model - will load your own model from local disk. In this tutorial I will use gpt2 model. labels_ids - Dictionary of labels and their id - this will be used to convert string labels to numbers. n_labels - How many labels are we using in this dataset. This is used to decide size of classification head. Mar 29, 2023 · The following results therefore apply to 53 predictions made by both GPT-3.5-turbo and GPT-4. For predicting the category only, for example, “Coordination & Context” when the full category and sub-category is “Coordination & Context : Humanitarian Access” … Results for gpt-3.5-turbo_predicted_category_1, 53 predictions ... When GPT-2 is fine-tuned for text classification (positive vs. negative), the head of the model is a linear layer that takes the LAST output embedding and outputs 2 class logits. I still can't grasp why this works.Mar 7, 2022 · GPT 3 text classifier. To have access to GPT3 you need to create an account in Opena.ai. The first time you will receive 18 USD to test the models and no credit card is needed. After creating the ... Product Transforming work and creativity with AI Our API platform offers our latest models and guides for safety best practices. Models GPT GPT-4 is OpenAI’s most advanced system, producing safer and more useful responses. Learn about GPT-4 Advanced reasoning Creativity Visual input Longer contextApr 15, 2021 · This is a dataset for binary sentiment classification containing substantially more data than previous benchmark datasets. We provide a set of 25,000 highly polar movie reviews for training, and 25,000 for testing. There is additional unlabeled data for use as well. Raw text and already processed bag of words formats are provided. AI Text Classifier from OpenAI is a GPT-3 and ChatGPT detector created for distinguishing between human-written and AI-generated text. According to OpenAI, the ChatGPT detector is a “fine-tuned GPT model that predicts how likely it is that a piece of text was generated by AI from a variety of sources, such as ChatGPT.”.The AI Text Classifier is a free tool that predicts how likely it is that a piece of text was generated by AI. The classifier is a fine-tuned GPT model that requires a minimum of 1,000 characters, and is trained on English content written by adults. It is intended to spark discussions on AI literacy, and is not always accurate.The AI Text Classifier is a free tool that predicts how likely it is that a piece of text was generated by AI. The classifier is a fine-tuned GPT model that requires a minimum of 1,000 characters, and is trained on English content written by adults. It is intended to spark discussions on AI literacy, and is not always accurate.— ChatGPT. According to OpenAI, the classifier incorrectly labels human-written text as AI-written 9% of the time. This mistake didn’t occur in my testing, but I chalk that up to the small sample...Aug 31, 2023 · Data augmentation is a widely employed technique to alleviate the problem of data scarcity. In this work, we propose a prompting-based approach to generate labelled training data for intent classification with off-the-shelf language models (LMs) such as GPT-3. An advantage of this method is that no task-specific LM-fine-tuning for data ... As seen in the formulation above, we need to teach GPT-2 to pick the correct class when given the problem as a multiple-choice problem. The authors teach GPT-2 to do this by fine-tuning on a simple pre-training task called title prediction. 1. Gathering Data for Weak SupervisionIn our evaluations on a “challenge set” of English texts, our classifier correctly identifies 26% of AI-written text (true positives) as “likely AI-written,” while incorrectly labeling human-written text as AI-written 9% of the time (false positives). Our classifier’s reliability typically improves as the length of the input text increases.We found that GPT-4-early and GPT-4-launch exhibit many of the same limitations as earlier language models, such as producing biased and unreliable content. Prior to our mitigations being put in place, we also found that GPT-4-early presented increased risks in areas such as finding websites selling illegal goods or services, and planning attacks.Oct 18, 2022 · SetFit is outperforming GPT-3 in 7 out of 11 tasks, while being 1600x smaller. In this blog, you will learn how to use SetFit to create a text-classification model with only a 8 labeled samples per class, or 32 samples in total. You will also learn how to improve your model by using hyperparamter tuning. You will learn how to: SetFit is outperforming GPT-3 in 7 out of 11 tasks, while being 1600x smaller. In this blog, you will learn how to use SetFit to create a text-classification model with only a 8 labeled samples per class, or 32 samples in total. You will also learn how to improve your model by using hyperparamter tuning. You will learn how to:Jan 31, 2023 · GPT-3, a state-of-the-art NLP system, can easily detect and classify languages with high accuracy. It uses sophisticated algorithms to accurately determine the specific properties of any given text – such as word distribution and grammatical structures – to distinguish one language from another. Feb 6, 2023 · While the out-of-the-box GPT-3 is able to predict filing categories at a 73% accuracy, let’s try fine-tuning our own GPT-3 model. Fine-tuning a large language model involves training a pre-trained model on a smaller, task-specific dataset, while keeping the pre-trained parameters fixed and only updating the final layers of the model. OpenAI has released an AI text classifier that attempts to detect whether input content was generated using artificial intelligence tools like ChatGPT. "The AI Text Classifier is a fine-tuned GPT ...GPT-3 is an autoregressive language model, created by OpenAI, that uses machine l. LinkedIn. ... GPT 3 text classifier. To have access to GPT3 you need to create an account in Opena.ai. The first ...Explains a single param and returns its name, doc, and optional default value and user-supplied value in a string. explainParams() → str ¶. Returns the documentation of all params with their optionally default values and user-supplied values. extractParamMap(extra: Optional[ParamMap] = None) → ParamMap ¶. Amrit Burman. Image: AP. OpenAI, the company that created ChatGPT and DALL-E, has now released a free tool that can be used to "distinguish between text written by a human and text written by AIs." In a press release by OpenAI, the company mentioned that the tool named classifier is "not fully reliable" and "should not be used as a primary ...In this tutorial, we learned how to use GPT-4 for NLP tasks such as text classification, sentiment analysis, language translation, text generation, and question answering. We also used Python and ...Educator FAQ. Like the internet, ChatGPT is a powerful tool that can help educators and students if used thoughtfully. There are many ways to get there, and the education community is where the best answers will come from. To support educators on this journey, we are providing a few resources below, including links to introductory materials ... OpenAI released the AI classifier to identify AI-written text. The AI Text Classifier is a fine-tuned GPT model that predicts how likely it is that AI generated a piece of text. The model can be used to detect ChatGPT and AI Plagiarism, but it’s not reliable enough yet because actually knowing if it’s human vs. machine-generated is really hard. GPT-3 is a powerful model and API from OpenAI which performs a variety of natural language tasks. Argilla empowers you to quickly build and iterate on data for NLP. Setup and use a zero-shot sentiment classifier, which not only analyses the sentiment but also includes an explanation of its predictions!In this tutorial, we’ll build and evaluate a sentiment classifier for customer requests in the financial domain using GPT-3 and Argilla. GPT-3 is a powerful model and API from OpenAI which performs a variety of natural language tasks. Argilla empowers you to quickly build and iterate on data for NLP. In this tutorial, you’ll learn to: Setup ...After ensuring you have the right amount and structure for your dataset, and have uploaded the file, the next step is to create a fine-tuning job. Start your fine-tuning job using the OpenAI SDK: python. Copy ‍. openai.FineTuningJob.create (training_file="file-abc123", model="gpt-3.5-turbo") The AI Text Classifier is a free tool that predicts how likely it is that a piece of text was generated by AI. The classifier is a fine-tuned GPT model that requires a minimum of 1,000 characters, and is trained on English content written by adults. It is intended to spark discussions on AI literacy, and is not always accurate. Jan 31, 2023 · OpenAI has released an AI text classifier that attempts to detect whether input content was generated using artificial intelligence tools like ChatGPT. "The AI Text Classifier is a fine-tuned GPT ... After ensuring you have the right amount and structure for your dataset, and have uploaded the file, the next step is to create a fine-tuning job. Start your fine-tuning job using the OpenAI SDK: python. Copy ‍. openai.FineTuningJob.create (training_file="file-abc123", model="gpt-3.5-turbo")May 8, 2022 · When GPT-2 is fine-tuned for text classification (positive vs. negative), the head of the model is a linear layer that takes the LAST output embedding and outputs 2 class logits. I still can't grasp why this works. 10 min. The artificial intelligence research lab OpenAI on Tuesday launched the newest version of its language software, GPT-4, an advanced tool for analyzing images and mimicking human speech ...GPT-3 is a powerful model and API from OpenAI which performs a variety of natural language tasks. Argilla empowers you to quickly build and iterate on data for NLP. Setup and use a zero-shot sentiment classifier, which not only analyses the sentiment but also includes an explanation of its predictions!As seen in the formulation above, we need to teach GPT-2 to pick the correct class when given the problem as a multiple-choice problem. The authors teach GPT-2 to do this by fine-tuning on a simple pre-training task called title prediction. 1. Gathering Data for Weak SupervisionWe will call this model the generator. Fine-tune an ada binary classifier to rate each completion for truthfulness based on a few hundred to a thousand expert labelled examples, predicting “ yes” or “ no”. Alternatively, use a generic pre-built truthfulness and entailment model we trained. We will call this model the discriminator.May 8, 2022 · When GPT-2 is fine-tuned for text classification (positive vs. negative), the head of the model is a linear layer that takes the LAST output embedding and outputs 2 class logits. I still can't grasp why this works. May 8, 2022 · When GPT-2 is fine-tuned for text classification (positive vs. negative), the head of the model is a linear layer that takes the LAST output embedding and outputs 2 class logits. I still can't grasp why this works. We I have fine-tuned a GPT-2 model with a language model head on medical triage text, and would like to use this model as a classifier. However, as far as I can tell, the Automodel Huggingface library allows me to have either a LM or a classifier etc. head, but I don’t see a way to add a classifier on top of a fine-tuned LM.Educator FAQ. Like the internet, ChatGPT is a powerful tool that can help educators and students if used thoughtfully. There are many ways to get there, and the education community is where the best answers will come from. To support educators on this journey, we are providing a few resources below, including links to introductory materials ...

Jan 31, 2023 · In our evaluations on a “challenge set” of English texts, our classifier correctly identifies 26% of AI-written text (true positives) as “likely AI-written,” while incorrectly labeling human-written text as AI-written 9% of the time (false positives). Our classifier’s reliability typically improves as the length of the input text increases. . Sexayran

gpt classifier

Jan 31, 2023 · Step 2: Deploy the backend as a Google Cloud Function. If you don’t have one already, create a Google Cloud account, then navigate to Cloud Functions. Click Create Function. Paste in your ... The internet is full of text classification articles, most of which are BoW-models combined with some kind of ML-model typically solving a binary text classification problem. With the rise of NLP, and in particular BERT (take a look here , if you are not familiar with BERT) and other multilingual transformer based models, more and more text ...Dec 10, 2022 · The AI Text Classifier is a fine-tuned GPT model that predicts how likely it is that a piece of text was generated by AI from a variety of sources, such as ChatGPT. ... GPT-2 Output Detector Demo ... Jun 7, 2020 · As seen in the formulation above, we need to teach GPT-2 to pick the correct class when given the problem as a multiple-choice problem. The authors teach GPT-2 to do this by fine-tuning on a simple pre-training task called title prediction. 1. Gathering Data for Weak Supervision The OpenAI API is powered by a diverse set of models with different capabilities and price points. You can also make customizations to our models for your specific use case with fine-tuning. Models. Description. GPT-4. A set of models that improve on GPT-3.5 and can understand as well as generate natural language or code. GPT-3.5. As a top-ranking AI-detection tool, Originality.ai can identify and flag GPT2, GPT3, GPT3.5, and even ChatGPT material. It will be interesting to see how well these two platforms perform in detecting 100% AI-generated content. OpenAI Text Classifier employs a different probability structure from other AI content detection tools.In a press release, OpenAI said that the classifier identified 26 percent of AI-authored text as authentically human, and deemed 9 percent of text written by a human as AI-authored. In the first ...Jul 1, 2021 · Jul 1, 2021 Source: https://thehustle.co/07202020-gpt-3/ This is part one of a series on how to get the most out of GPT-3 for text classification tasks ( Part 2, Part 3 ). In this post, we’ll... GPT-2 is a successor of GPT, the original NLP framework by OpenAI. The full GPT-2 model has 1.5 billion parameters, which is almost 10 times the parameters of GPT. GPT-2 give State-of-the Art results as you might have surmised already (and will soon see when we get into Python). The pre-trained model contains data from 8 million web pages ...Text classification is a very common problem that needs solving when dealing with text data. We’ve all seen and know how to use Encoder Transformer models li...Using GPT models for downstream NLP tasks. It is evident that these GPT models are powerful and can generate text that is often indistinguishable from human-generated text. But how can we get a GPT model to perform tasks such as classification, sentiment analysis, topic modeling, text cleaning, and information extraction?The gpt-4 model supports 8192 max input tokens and the gpt-4-32k model supports up to 32,768 tokens. GPT-3.5. GPT-3.5 models can understand and generate natural language or code. The most capable and cost effective model in the GPT-3.5 family is GPT-3.5 Turbo, which has been optimized for chat and works well for traditional completions tasks as ...AI-Guardian is designed to detect when images have likely been manipulated to trick a classifier, and GPT-4 was tasked with evading that detection. "Our attacks reduce the robustness of AI-Guardian from a claimed 98 percent to just 8 percent, under the threat model studied by the original [AI-Guardian] paper," wrote Carlini.Data augmentation is a widely employed technique to alleviate the problem of data scarcity. In this work, we propose a prompting-based approach to generate labelled training data for intent classification with off-the-shelf language models (LMs) such as GPT-3. An advantage of this method is that no task-specific LM-fine-tuning for data ...GPT-2 is a successor of GPT, the original NLP framework by OpenAI. The full GPT-2 model has 1.5 billion parameters, which is almost 10 times the parameters of GPT. GPT-2 give State-of-the Art results as you might have surmised already (and will soon see when we get into Python). The pre-trained model contains data from 8 million web pages ...The OpenAI API is powered by a diverse set of models with different capabilities and price points. You can also make customizations to our models for your specific use case with fine-tuning. Models. Description. GPT-4. A set of models that improve on GPT-3.5 and can understand as well as generate natural language or code. GPT-3.5.We I have fine-tuned a GPT-2 model with a language model head on medical triage text, and would like to use this model as a classifier. However, as far as I can tell, the Automodel Huggingface library allows me to have either a LM or a classifier etc. head, but I don’t see a way to add a classifier on top of a fine-tuned LM.The AI Text Classifier is a free tool that predicts how likely it is that a piece of text was generated by AI. The classifier is a fine-tuned GPT model that requires a minimum of 1,000 characters, and is trained on English content written by adults. It is intended to spark discussions on AI literacy, and is not always accurate.In this example the GPT-3 ada model is fine-tuned/trained as a classifier to distinguish between the two sports: Baseball and Hockey. The ada model forms part of the original, base GPT-3-series. You can see these two sports as two basic intents, one intent being “baseball” and the other “hockey”. Total examples: 1197, Baseball examples ...The GPT2 Model transformer with a sequence classification head on top (linear layer). GPT2ForSequenceClassification uses the last token in order to do the classification, as other causal models (e.g. GPT-1) do. Since it does classification on the last token, it requires to know the position of the last token..

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